A Job Application Letter Essay

Paragraph One tells where you found the job opportunity and what the job title is. I am writing in response to your advertisement in the January 16 Philadelphia Inquirer. I believe that my academic training at Drexel University in Electrical Engineering, along with my experience with RCA Advanced Technology Laboratory, would qualify me for the position of programmer. Paragraph Two details your education credentials. Make special note of those skills the employer has mentioned in the job ad. My education at Drexel University has given me a strong background in computer hardware and system design. I have concentrated on digital and computer applications, developing and designing computer and signal-processing hardware in two graduate-level engineering courses. For my senior-design project, I am working with four other undergraduates in using OO programming techniques to enhance the path-planning software for an infrared night-vision robotics application. Paragraph Three contains your work experience. Again, note skills the employer wants in an employee. While working at RCA, I applied my computer experience to the field of the VLSI design. In one project I used my background in LISP to develop and test new LISP software used in the automated production of VLSI standard cell family databooks. In another project, I used CAD software on a VAX to evaluate IC designs. The last paragraph gives your phone number, email, and time you can be reached. Also, make mention of your resume. The enclosed resume provides an overview of my education and experience. I would like to meet with you at your convenience to discuss my qualifications for this position. Please write to me at the above address or leave a message anytime at (215) 555-5876.

The Client Maintenance

AbstractThis examination is done to watch that how extraordinary factors impacts the client maintenance. In this paper the survey was utilized as the gathering instrument. The possibility of this examination was obviously advised to the respondents. The exploration was done on 300 respondents through which 170 filled polls were returned. We have utilized the co connection examination and the relapse investigation. Unwavering quality examination was likewise done. Pearson co connection examination was utilized to test the created speculation. Through the discoveries we come to realize that Customer reliability have constructive outcome on the client maintenance. With the assistance of this investigation the conclusion and the future suggestions are said. Part # 01 1.Introduction1.1 Background of themeClient maintenance in basic words is characterized as checking of the business that serves to measures how steadfast its clients are. Then again it is likewise characterized as keeping up the client towards their item (White and Yanamandram, 2004). Client maintenance is the principle objective for the organizations that aides in keeping up their business (Coviello , 2002).There are an expansive number of firms that are connected with the client maintenance . The organizations will undoubtedly anticipate the client maintenance to get the focused on result Kotler (2003). Client maintenance happens when the clients are completely happy with the administration gave by the inns (Grà ¸nhaug and Gilly,2001).On the other hand the clients are particularly faithful towards their image (lodging) and it brings about the client maintenance of that brand (Buttle, 2004). Every proprietor centers around the client maintenance to accomplish the greatest benefits and advantages (Dawkins and Reichheld, 2009). There are few examinations that clarify the impact of the diverse variables that impact the client maintenance in inns. This is especially simple for the clients to get disappointed with the offers administrations to them (Colgate and Lang, 2001; Colgate and Norris, 2001)1.2 Purpose Of The StudyThe Main and preeminent reason for this examination is to discover the impact of the diverse factors on the client maintenance.1.3 Research ObjectivesThe essential targets for this article are as per the following: †¢ To find the impacts of the distinctive factors on the client maintenance.1.4 Significance and extent of the investigationIn this examination the principle critical of this is client maintenance is the fundamental activity for any business for the most extreme yield. This examination is done to clarify the connection between benefit quality, client unwaveringness, condition, consumer loyalty and client maintenance. This examination will assist the entrepreneurs with working on these variables in light of the fact that these elements are the fundamental need of the each client. Furthermore, with the assistance of this investigation the entrepreneurs can succeed their lodging business. This examination is additionally helpful for other comparable associations who are confronting the issues in keeping up their clients.2. Writing Review2.2 Customer RetentionIn relatively every business there is a factor of client maintenance. The brands attempt their best for the client maintenance. Numerous analysts have been done to discover the elements behind the client maintenance ( Levesque and McDougall,1996, p.14). All the main organizations of the world will undoubtedly comprehend the significance of the client maintenance Omotayo l, (2008). The client maintenance centers around the conduct of the redundancy, and it is likewise considered as especially near the brand steadfastness and buy goal ((Hennig-ThurauandKlee,2007). (Jones and Farquher, 2003). In numerous investigates the consumer loyalty and the client maintenance is taken or learned in the meantime since they both have the relationship. Through Customer maintenance and the consumer loyalty we can get to the client's dependability and for this the client maintenance is contemplated profoundly. As indicated by Ennew and Binks (1996) there is a solid connection between the client maintenance and administration quality. Numerous specialists have likewise demonstrated the connection between the client maintenance and administration quality (Hennig-Thurau 1997) . Client maintenance is the fundamental factor for the key of accomplishment for any business. So every brand (inn) proprietor should center around the client maintenance.2.3 Service QualityAs indicated by Lenka et al. (2009) he characterizes the administration quality as ‘ it is the general examination of any administration gave by the organization, contrasting the execution of the firm of that administration with the general desires of the client. Who expect the administration (Ladhari, 2009) As per the examination of Jamal and Anastasiadou (2007) they guarantee that there are a few impacts of the administration quality on the client maintenance and the consumer loyalty. Administration quality is one of the primary factors that influence the client maintenance in the business. The brands ought to entirely center around the administration quality. Administration quality is particularly identified with the client maintenance. Numerous analysts demonstrated the positive effect of the administration quality on the client maintenance Cody and Hope (2009).In different words the administration quality is particularly important for any business uncommonly in lodging industry.2.4 Customer SatisfactionAs per Kotler(2000) Customer fulfillment on the opposite side it is additionally characterized as the it is the conduct of the client in the wake of buying the item . Consumer loyalty is characterized as † it is a term that is in the market that shows how items and administrations gave by the organization meets the desires of the client (Spreng, 2006). Then again consumer loyalty is likewise characterized as â€Å"the response of the clients in the wake of getting the administration as indicated by their desire and it brings about their inward fulfillment. It is additionally essential for the advertisers and the representative since it gives the way that they can use to enhance and upgrade their business. As per (Thai 2008) to the faithful clients winds up constant of their buying choice from a similar brand that outcomes in the consumer loyalty. At the point when there is the consumer loyalty subsequently additionally emerges the client maintenance that outcomes in the advantage for the lodging. The clients who buys consistently from a similar brand then they are very fulfilled from that brand (Lam , 2010).Customer fulfillment likewise brings about making the positive informal exchange for that business and it brings about the client maintenance (JonesandSuh,2000) . There are numerous specialists who center around the consumer loyalty to accomplish the consumer loyalty (Bontis 2007).2.5 Customer LoyaltyIn basic words (Lenkaet, 2009 characterized the client reliability as when the client ends up ongoing of any brand, benefit, store, item then the factor of client unwaveringness emerges. On other hand (Jacoby) additionally characterized client dedication as â€Å"it is the non arbitrary conduct or reaction of the client that has been appeared after some time for settling on any choice regarding in excess of one elective brand . But Oliver (2009) condemned this definition and he says that the client dependability is the blend of three human conduct and the conduct are comprehension ,influence and behavioral intention.When the level of rivalry emerges then the client reliability is enormously checked. In the event that other brand gives the substitute brand in great quality and less value the client will desert towards that brand ( Lenka., 2009). Client devotion is the positive consequence of the client's experience traits and the amount he is happy with the item. It might incorporate administration or an item. It is additionally characterized by the Jacoby that it is the aftereffect of regular purchasing of the client from a similar association. So client steadfastness is the principle factor of the client maintenance and it is particularly gainful for the monetary exercises of the business. Jacoby, and Chestnut, (1978)2.6 EnvironmentNature is characterized as † the area or region that comprise of living or non-living things (Morgan and Daryle, 2007).I terms of business it is additionally characterized as he territory which is particularly appropriate or agreeable for the client. Here the region is taken as far as business or association. In business terms the earth assumes the principle part for the client maintenance and for the workers also .When nature of the organization will be especially cordial and agreeable for the clients then the clients will pull in towards that business and it will brings about the clients and which is particularly useful for the organization's procuring and making the great picture in the market (Klee, 1997). So every association should center around the factor of condition to influence their clients to stay with their image.

Career Planning for Hospitality Students

During the global economic downturn it was predicted that India and China would not be affected as much and hospitality industry in particular would undergo minor changes. Besides this Khanna, 2008 outlined that lack of infrastructure in India would not be sufficient enough to sustain growth of hospitality industry. However the argument can be ruled out as a number of private organization both national and international are investing into Indian hospitality sector. This can be said as Carlson group of hotels are planning to open 50 new properties by the end of year 2012 across India. Many More hotel groups like Fairmont etc are entering fresh in India. It was predicted that the growth in Indian tourism would be around 8. 8% till 2013 which is closely related to hotel industry. The jobs in hospitality were also available during the period of time and are still growing. Moreover the number of hospitality graduates is still very low as compared to the demand of the industry. Hence hospitality as a career is still considered as a fair option in order to grow and make life out of it. Graduate labor market As outlined by Harvey (2001, cited by Nabi, 2000) graduates should posses certain attributes and skills in order to help them find a job and have sustainable growth in it. This would further help them build a career in the industry. However Graduate employability for the industry is still addressed by a question mark. Freed, 2010 states that hotel industry requires flexible graduates, moreover students who are willing to work with variable odd shifts with an initial entry level low salary. Though the availability of jobs is high but still the question arises that weather a hotel management should stay with the industry itself or invade other possible dimensions as well. Besides hotel industry many multinational companies offer fixed working hours and five days a week unlike hotels. Moreover hotels have long working hours as well. On top of all this Maslow (1943, cited in Green 2000) states that a person opts for a job that satisfies his/or basic or physiological needs. The wide options available in other sectors without even specializing and the existence of the concept of equal opportunity make them a more attractive option. To add upon a hotel job is India is considered as a blue color job. A fresh hotel graduate in India or anywhere else is required to have a specialization in his/her area of interest. They are also required to have a considerable work experience with internships etc by the time they graduate as well. Hotel industry also requires high grooming standards and punctuality as well which not much of a requirement. Fresh hospitality graduates are offered three options for employment in the hotel industry. †¢ Operational trainee programs in different areas like housekeeping, kitchen and service †¢ Management trainee programs which are further extended to finance, sales and marketing etc. †¢ Entry level employment as Associate, commis or executive. †¢ Certain hotel organization also offers a corporate trainee program. Management trainee programs are offered usually to fewer students comparatively. These are the students with untreated talent which can nurture in order to produce future managers. It further involves students into finances of an operation as well. On the other hand an operational trainee program is offered to the students who are not yet ready for the management positions. Further it prepares them of core operational competencies. Moreover cooperate trainee program is the highest which is offered to students with rare competencies. An organization believes them to be the future leaders of the organization. The hotel industry in India requires a number future leaders and operational employees. Human resource plays a vital role in management of these services (Jauhari, 2006). It is important from a student perspective who is seeking employment to know what is exactly expected from them by the employers. Harrera (2003) outlines 99 competencies which are required for manager’s ethical behavior. Moreover Harvey (1997, cited in Jenner, 2000) outlines 20 core competencies which are required by employers. Jauhari (2006) states that hospitality organizations seek talented graduates to recruit for their trainee programs. These programs can be considered as investments from the employer’s point of view for their employees. Nabi, 2003 outlines that hotel organizations are looking for fresh employees with not only intellectual skills but also people management skills as well. Initially to begin with one can always be confused to join the industry because of a number of factors though the odds and positives seem have a balance. Questions like how are global travel trends going to be in the future? Weather an economic meltdown affects the hotel industry or not? Certain questions were addressed during our internship which was not being arranged internationally due to the global economic downturn. Other questions like aiming for a management trainee program or a regular job was also in my mind. Moreover Drucker, 199 states that one must review and introspect their goals as per the change in situations and circumstances. This is supposed to happen as personal life and work life goes through a lot of changes as well. As per Aggarwal, 2006 the decrease of workers in industrial and manual jobs will increase the opportunities to abstract from of thought. This includes people with analytical and problem solving skills, moreover possessing the capacity for innovation. The literate population of India has gone up by 6. percent since 2001. As per the NHDC report the travel and tourism industry in India is accounted with a 6% growth in GDP and 30. 5 million jobs. In terms of travel India stands 9th in the index of relative cost of access which is ticket taxes and airport charge to international air transport services. Tourism is said to be the one of the largest net earners of foreign e xchange for the country which was contributing at 11. 747 million in 2008 with a 9. 5% growth year after year. Besides this the demand in terms of skill labor is very high in the hospitality sector with a shortage of manpower. The table underneath shows the cities and the projected demand in terms of manpower by the year 2013/14. Ministry of tourism has 21 hotel management and catering institutes which are responsible to meet the growth in the industry. Career options There have been a number of campus placement interviews and other options available as well. I have participated is a very few as I look for a position in Sales and marketing with a little scope of compromise. These have been Carlson and J. W. Marriot both for sales and marketing. Most of the hotel organizations don’t seem to offer a position for sales and marketing. Major options available are housekeeping, kitchen, Food and beverage service and front office as these are the areas which require more manpower than compared to sales division. Other areas that I am still looking at are procurement which has the same problem as sales. During my internships in various departments I have realized that I have less inclination for other operational options available. As I look forward to choose an organization and stick to it for a long period of time I cannot use any other job as a stepping stone for my area of interest. Competencies required for the Position: We are made aware of the organizations that come in for interview or we go visit at. These presentations talk about the skills and competencies that are required for the job position they offer. They outline flexibility in terms of shifts, working elsewhere rather than your hometown, culture etc. as I mentioned earlier organizations offering sales were less but during my vocational job I found out certain competencies required for a sales executive. Later during an interaction with Parivah Rustogi, director sales for J. W. Marriot I found out they are looking for outgoing personalities who are not exactly too study oriented. Taj Groups of Hotels Taj group of hotel is one of the largest hotel chains in India which is run by Indian hotel company ltd (IHCL). Taj hotels resorts and palaces were awarded the â€Å"Gallup Great Workplace 2010’ title complimenting the work environment they have created for their employees. This further included a lot many parameters like retention, training etc. (tajhotels. com) Employee engagement There are a number of factors which are responsible for employee engagement. Taj group of hotels conduct departmental briefings. They are further categorizing into mornings and evening. They discuss agenda of the day, current status and other things related to the employees. This helps boost the moral and motivate them for better work. The organization conducts a lot of analysis for employee engagement. These are factors responsible for their absenteeism etc. further there are exit interviews, retention issues, feedback analysis etc to keep a check upon the factors affecting motivation of their employees. Moreover there are a lot loyalty and reward programs which are known as STARS. These are responsible for staff motivation and improving performance. Here the employee is not rewarded through cash but points which are gained through positive acts at work. These points can be redeemed as other benefits later. Further they also concentrate upon training and development which helps an individual to build upon his skills and progress in his career. CV Analysis In order to write an appropriate CV one need to know herself/himself. The word itself Curriculum Vitae refers to â€Å"the course of life† (Jenner, 200). It helps an employer know about the professional life, performance and objective of a particular employee. It’s not just about our self but also how we fit into the organization in contrast to its policies and procedures and our strength and weaknesses. After undergoing through †¢ The cover letter was missing from my CV. A cover letter is very important in order to demonstrate past experiences. Moreover makes it convenient for the employer to retrieve information about the objective, work experience etc at a glance. †¢ Most of the information listed in terms of the contact details and certifications so far weren’t quite relevant for the employer. There was less information provided in regards to the job position that I wish to seek. There weren’t any certificates or much appreciation letters which could demonstrate my communication skills, being innovative, problem solving etc. moreover there wasn’t anything listing my achievement so far. †¢ It only mentioned the places where in I did my internships. There was no mentioning of the area I have tra ined in and how does it makes a difference with other students. So we can say that there wasn’t any kind of supporting information or document that would have interest my employer for the job position I wish to seek. Competencies Demonstrated and Implementations of Them in Job Selection Processes It is very important to know one being a fresh graduate while preparing for interviews and selection processes. In order to achieve this I undertook certain tests to find out what exactly my career goals are and the skills which are required survive in the work environment today. There was assessment center simulation which would help us rate our self on parameters upon which the employers would hire us. I did the Jung Typology test (appendix 2) which helped me figure out that I am an extrovert person. An extrovert is the one with an outgoing personality. I have also mentioned before this has helped me in my job ventures in sales and have gradually helped me develop my interest in sales division. This makes it easy for me to communicate with people and help me find leads. This further helps me identify customer problems and solve them. It also states that my feelings are moderate and less sensitive to others at times. I don’t spend much time judging how people are though I am an emotional person. Further I took a communication test to find out about my communication skills as they play a vital role (appendix 4). This also involves listening skills which requires proper understanding of what one’s saying. I found out that I can fairly interpret what other people are trying to communicate in terms of words and body language. I can empathize with other person feelings for a better understanding. I can perhaps alter my behavior accordingly to the other person comfort level of his/her understanding. The johari window (Jenner, 2000) helped me find out what others feel about me and how much does it intersect with my opinion (Appendix 10). This helped me find a blind spot. There has been a gap between my perception about myself and what others perceive of me. My peer felt that I am an outgoing person as well, one who would socialize with people and make new friends. They perceived me a little over confident with my work most of the times which has also been the feedback by my professors as well. Though I am a sociologist but yet I keep my secrets from the world keeping a wide margin in my personal space. Though I know much about myself in terms of my skills but yet there is a lot which can be discovered by new experiences. I try and take up new challenges to find out what I really like and what I would really want to take up as a career. This includes my part time job as a commis and sales at times besides my internship. This further helps me identify my strength and weaknesses. Moreover my interactions with my mentor further help me plan how my career path should be considering the test that I took for my ideal job (appendix 6). Moreover I took the Myers test to find to more insights about me (appendix 3). My interest lies in what is unknown, I think a little before my actions. I consider theories and how they relate in practical life.

Philosophy of Special Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of Special Education - Essay Example The paper presents my philosophy of Special Education which states that special education is concerned with educating students who possess particular needs, which gets in the way of their teaching and learning process.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that each child is different from other children in a school setting, despite their physical nature. This is an interpretation of the fact that the child is unique and requires a well organized environment that is secure, stimulating, and caring, to simplify proper learning, emotional, intellectual, societal, and economic growth. My role as an educationist is to help my learners meet their potential areas of interest. This can be achieved by giving the learners a teaching learning environment that is conducive for effective learning, support them to disclose information, and motivates them to take chances while learning.   I believe that the basic elements that are conducive for special learning environment are: allowing learners to learn on th eir own, the teacher being the source of knowledge, and learners conducting research to obtain more knowledge using the guidelines provided by the teacher. The teacher’s role in Special Education is to provide students with information. The students’ role on the other hand is to determine knowledge using the guidelines provided by the teacher. ... The teacher can achieve this through open classroom discussion encouraging students to speak about their views freely. This approach allows space for each learner’s opinions to be put in perspective. The best method for this approach is to construct classroom discussion and encourage frequent classroom meetings. When the students feel safe and free to discuss their problems, they will love the teachers, the school, lessons presented to them and the whole class as well as the community.   The entire classroom represents an exceptional society of learners that are different from one another not only in their ways of doing things, but also in teaching learning styles. My responsibility as a teacher is to provide the learners the materials that can be used to develop their own grounds of knowledge. To achieve this objective, I will educate to the requirements of each learner, so that all students can sense competent and triumphant. I will hand over the syllabus that involves the good of the learners and makes teaching learning process applicable to their real life situations. I will slot in central ideas, incorporate projects, group work, units, original work, and practical learning so as to make the learners be involved teaching learning process. Categorically, I will bind teaching and learning process into the society to assist learners turn out to be caring and enthusiastic community members.   I will develop a learning environment that is compassionate, secure, and impartial environment where every learner can flourish and develop intellectually. I will allow learners to turn out to be   Ã‚  conscientious members of the learning environment, and the society by using approaches such as class gatherings, encouraging

The more advances that are made in Medicine, the more things stay the Scholarship Essay

The more advances that are made in Medicine, the more things stay the same. Discuss - Scholarship Essay Example The likely development of resistance or tolerance compromises the successful application of therapeutic from the first day of usage. This applies to agents in the treatment of fugal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in addition to the treatment of chronic ailments including diabetes and cancer among many more. Furthermore, it is true to diseases caused by living things among them animals, human beings, plants, insects, and fish. Fifty years after the discovery of infectious agents, the discovery and application of antibiotics provided an immediate solution to one of the main diseases that wiped communities (Correll, 2001, p. 1708). They took a major step in revolutionizing medicine in various perspectives. Doctors saved millions of lives since then to date. The discovery of antibiotics became a turning point in the history of humanity. Sadly, continued use of antibiotics resulted into the development of resistance resulting in the appearance of strains resistant to drugs. Experts in the medical profession now send a warning that the world would easily return to the ear before the discovery of antibiotics. Reports from the World Health Organization show that at present, there are more than twenty thousand genes with the capacity to resistant treatment. Scholars refer to these genes as the r genes. The more than twenty thousand genes are in more than four hundred different types. Health experts have the capac ity to predict the genome impacts (Deutsch, 2007, p. 121). The good side of it is that there are few of such functional resistance within pathogens. Over the past sixty years academicians have delved into writing literature that describes the biochemistry and genetics of origins, various ways of antibiotic resistance, and evolution. Form of action, antibiotic discovery, as well as perspectives of resistance continue to produce productive topics for research in the

Law 1183 for Washington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law 1183 for Washington - Essay Example â€Å"The main issue however concerns the taxation and distribution of liquor in Washington† (Smith, 2010). There are proponents who argue that privatizing the liquor sales and distribution and availing the liquor on groceries would greatly increase the availability of the liquor sales, which will be another important part of the income to the city authority or the state government. The opponents of this initiative on the other hand advocate for state control in obtaining revenue as well as streamlining the drinking patterns within the community. Initiative 1183 is a measure that is aimed at directing the liquor board to close down all the state owned liquor stores, terminate the contracts offered by the state to private stores selling liquor, and allow the state to issue private licenses that would allow the liquor to be sold, imported and distributed by private parties in groceries and other easy access points (Mercier, 2010). This initiative is aimed at repealing the unifor m pricing as decided by the state liquor board, and other requirements that are required in sales and distribution of hard liquor. In fact, stores that previously had contracts from the state controlled liquor distribution under this initiative might be converted to retail licenses. About 1,428 retail outlets in initiative 1183 would be licensed compared to3, 357 in initiative 1100 (Mercier, 2010). A study carried out by the Office of Financial Management (OFM) has been the impetus to the proponents of this initiative. There are estimations that upon implementing this initiative, the State General Fund revenue would increase from $216 to $253 million, while the local revenues are expected to improve from $186 to $227 million (Mercier, 2010). This report has been used to consolidate proponents to vote for the initiative. In addition the initiative would retain the tax structure and license issuance would be about 17% of all liquor sales and an annual fee of $166 (Corte, 2010). One as pect in states protectionist monopoly is to reduce the overuse of hard liquor among its citizens. This makes the state to control not only the sales but also the consumption of the liquor. There are however, certain contradictions: â€Å"does state monopoly control the patterns and trends in alcohol intake? State protectionism on alcohol consumption might not directly affect the alcohol consumption patterns in the state† (Smith, 2010). For example, California has an average consumption of 2.34 gallons of alcohol per an average person, while Washington has an average of 2.35 gallons of alcohol consumed per an average person, as per the National Institute of Health figures 2007 (Smith (2010). California has a full privatized hard liquor licenses and sales and distribution of other alcoholic drinks. This makes alcohol readily available at groceries and other near points, where consumers may access the alcohol with ease (Smith, 2010). Proponents have a view that there is no diffe rence between alcohol consumed in the two states, meaning that the protectionism in alcohol distribution would not be effective in controlling consumption. â€Å"Washington would be the fifth state in protectionism from the second position after initiative 1183† (Smith, 2010).This argument has been used to challenge the assertion that the use of alcohol would be a menace to good governance (Timberlake,

Case Study 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

1 - Case Study Example 2. In order to fulfil the above mentioned mission for Kaiser, its operational strategy to reach a sustainable competitive advantage should be based on the notion of quick response (flexible or responsive). As noted, this is not-for-profit health maintenance organization serving 8.1 million people. The number is just high so it is imperative for the organization to adopt a flexible operational strategy which can allow it to quickly respond to the needs of different people it serves. This will help to show its total commitment to the cause of providing health care services to the people with special needs in the communities it operates in. The goal of the organization is to uplift the welfare of different people in the communities in which it operates. Therefore, it is imperative for the organization to implement strategies that are meant to ensure that the targeted people get the services they may require as when they may require them. This will help to create trust between the organization and the targeted people such that they will look no further than it for any service related to health care they may require. What is only important in this case is to offer satisfactory services to the targeted people so that they can come back again for the same services. When an organization is not operating for profit like Kaiser, then it should appeal to the interests of the targeted people so that they can develop positive identity with it. Goods and service design: Kaiser ought to define the goods and services it offers to the targeted people in different areas it operates. For instance, it should make it clear that it is not for profit organization and it offers freely health care related services to different people who belong to less privileged groups. It also ought to make it clear that it is committed to train other people so that they can also play a part in uplifting the welfare of the people in different communities. Quality: quality is a virtue in as far as

Wayward Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wayward - Essay Example Due to the circumstances of the shooting such that Bobbie was shooting over his shoulder as he ran, the killing of the victim occurred as manslaughter. Under the proximate causation, Sam committed a felon murder as it is due to his dangerous act of firing at Bobbie that Bobbie returned fire killing the victim. Additionally, had Sam not shot at Bobbie, no killing could have resulted. Under intervening cause, the unanticipated turn of event that Bobbie would return fire led to the death of the victim thus validating the cause. Had Sam shot at Bobbie killing him, the bystander would not have been killed, hence, the intervening causation is a valid stance. Finally, under the agency theory, although dealing and buying make both Sam and Bobby criminals for handling cocaine and possessing firearms, they were not co-felons thus the agency theory does not hold grounds. If Sam and Bobbie were co-felons in the sense of having the same goals and objectives in the commission of the felony, the death of the victim would be covered under the agency

Explain the reasons behind the creation of equity. What is it and how Essay

Explain the reasons behind the creation of equity. What is it and how is it different from common law What is the present relationship between common law and e - Essay Example It is a supplement to strict laws which do not really provide adequate remedy to mistakes or erring actions done. Common law is the set of principles established by the judges based on the cases that have been decided on already. These common laws however cannot be absolute in its application or implementations. There are some cases where it is impossible to apply the general statements established under common law. Application of common law principles at times leans towards injustice, so equity comes in as a rectification or a modification of the law in instances when the law is deemed ineffective or defective. Equity was created in England when the policies and restrictions of common law failed or were not able to solve all the problems. It developed when laws comprising common law became too rigid and technical that it led to inadequacy in upholding justice. Those who felt that the common law system was inadequate in solving their problems were allowed to air their grievances to the King. A King’s council was established to look into the grievances. The duty later was delegated to one individual who was called the Lord Chancellor and was known to be the â€Å"King’s conscience†. The Lord Chancellor presided over the Court of Chancery which only dealt with civil cases such as contract and property disputes or issues. The Court of Chancery soon became an adversary or a challenger of the common law courts and lawyers found it nearly impossible to correctly advise their clients because the Lord Chancellor was unbound by the law and can give any ruling he deemed correct ( History of the Judiciary). A clearer distinction between the Court of Chancery and the English common law courts is that although the English common law courts employed their duties under the general authority of the King, their function is still mainly judicial in nature. This function is limited to the non-discretionary judgment of laws. On the

Developing business skills ta Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Developing business skills ta - Essay Example Thus, I need to become proficient in verbal and written including non-verbal communication (Refer appendix 1 and 3) Resources from the library and the EBSCO database for reading academic journals and books related to communication. ‘Improve Communication Skills’ by Marcela Enos and other such books would be used to improve communication skills. I will also network with diverse populace for improving non-verbal communication 10th December 2014 would be my target date to review my proficiency in the verbal, non-verbal and written English as I would have finished my two terms and I would be confident in my communication which will reflect in assignments, presentations and group discussions. Moreover, it will help my internship which requires excellent communication skills for career success. Effective time management is necessary for planning and organization of the activities in personal and professional life. Self-motivation helps to develop focused approach and promote timely completion of targets as assigned within the activities. I will use ‘Priority Grid’ to arrange tasks on the basis of importance/ urgencies. The grid is an essential ingredient as it would help complete task according to its priority. The grid would be applied in studies and at work to achieve targets. (Refer appendix 5) Reflective practice would be used regularly and feedback from the tutor and the peer group would help to assess the effectiveness of the planning and organization of the activities within the two terms and later used for work-life balance. It would improve my time management skills and inspire me to finish work within the deadline. It would help me to complete the assignments and presentations on time and reduce stress especially as they are time sensitive and could adversely impact academic scores. ‘Getting Things Done’ by David Allen gives important tips in managing time and therefore, I would be using it to improve my

V for Vendetta Essay Example for Free

V for Vendetta Essay V for Vendetta sets the Gunpowder Plot as Vs historical inspiration, contributing to his choice of timing, language and appearance For example, the names Rookwood, Percy and Keyes are used in the film, which are also the names of three of the Gunpowder conspirators. The film creates parallels to Alexandre Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo, by drawing direct comparisons between V and Edmond Dantes. (In both stories, the hero escapes an unjust and traumatic imprisonment and spends decades preparing to take vengeance on his oppressors under a new persona. The film is also explicit in portraying V as the embodiment of an idea rather than an individual through Vs dialogue and by depicting him without a past, identity or face. According to the official website, Vs use of the Guy Fawkes mask and persona functions as both practical and symbolic elements of the story. He wears the mask to hide his physical scars, and in obscuring his identity – he becomes the idea itself. As noted by several critics and commentators, the films story and style mirrors elements from Gaston Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera. V and the Phantom both wear masks to hide their disfigurements, control others through the leverage of their imaginations, have tragic pasts, and are motivated by revenge. V and Eveys relationship also parallels many of the romantic elements of The Phantom of the Opera, where the masked Phantom takes Christine Daae to his subterranean lair to re-educate her. As a film about the struggle between freedom and the state, V for Vendetta takes imagery from many classic totalitarian icons both real and fictional, including the Third Reich and George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four. For example, Adam Sutler primarily appears on large video screens and on portraits in peoples homes, both common features among modern totalitarian regimes and reminiscent of the image of Big Brother. In another reference to Orwells novel, the slogan Strength through Unity. Unity through Faith is displayed prominently across London, similar in cadence to War is Peace. Freedom is Slavery. Ignorance is Strength in Orwells book. This connection between the two can also be seen when Evey is being tortured and finds the rat in her room, akin to that being the protagonists worst fear in Nineteen Eighty-Four. There is also the states use of mass surveillance, such as closed-circuit television, on its citizens. Valerie was sent to a detention facility for being a lesbian and then had medical experiments performed on her, reminiscent of persecution of gays and Jews in Nazi Germany (see Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust). The name of Adam Sutler is inspired by the name of Adolf Hitler. Sutlers hysterical speech is also inspired from Hitlers style of speech although his targets for persecution now include Muslims rather than Jews. Norsefire has replaced St Georges Cross with a national symbol similar to the modern Cross of Lorraine (both crossbars near the top). This was a symbol used by Free French Forces during World War II, as it was a traditional symbol of French patriotism that could be used as an answer to the Nazis swastika. The letter V and the number 5 Voila! In view, a humble vaudevillian veteran, cast vicariously as both victim and villain by the vicissitudes of fate. This visage – no mere veneer of vanity – is a vestige of the vox populi, now vacant, vanished. However, this valourous visitation of a bygone vexation stands vivified, and has vowed to vanquish these venal and virulent vermin vanguarding vice and vouchsafing the violently vicious and voracious violation of volition! The only verdict is vengeance; a vendetta held as a votive, not in vain, for the value and veracity of such shall one-day vindicate the vigilant and the virtuous. Verily, this vichyssoise of verbiage veers most verbose, so let me simply add that its my very good honour to meet you and you may call me V. — Vs introductory monologue upon meeting Evey Similarly to the graphic novel, there is repeated reference to the letter V and the number five throughout the film (note V is the Roman numeral five). For example, Vs introduction to Evey is a monologue containing 48 words beginning with the letter V, and containing a total of 52 letter Vs. When Evey tells V her name he repeats it slowly as E V. In Eveys name, the letter E is the fifth letter of the alphabet, V is the fifth letter from the end of the alphabet and is the Roman numeral for five, and the letter Y is the 25th letter of the alphabet; 25 being 5 squared. In Latin, Eveys phonetic name means exit V; the character V acknowledges this, knowing that this event has begun the chain-reaction of events which will end in his demise. During his imprisonment at Larkhill, V was held in cell V, as is Evey during her fake imprisonment. Vs Zorro-like signature is also the letter V. In the explosion involving the Old Bailey, the fireworks form a red V configuration, completed by a circular firework, thus resembling not only V but the V for Vendetta logo. It is revealed that Vs favourite phrase is By the power of truth, I, while living, have conquered the universe, which according to the film translates into the 5 Ved Latin phrase: Vi Veri Vniversum Vivus Vici. (Vniversum is actually written with a U, but in old Latin, the letter U was written as a V. ) In a dance with Evey, the song V chooses is number five on his jukebox. In fact, all the songs are song number five. When V confronts Creedy in his greenhouse, he plays Beethovens Fifth Symphony, whose opening notes have a rhythmic pattern that resembles the letter V in Morse code (†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œ). The films title itself is a reference to V for Victory. As V waits for night to fall, he arranges a complex domino pattern in black and red which forms the V logo. In the short sequence overlooking the train carriages, the railway tracks form the letter V. In a flyover shot of London towards the end of the film, Big Ben is shown, with its hour hand pointing at 11 and the minute hand at 1, forming a V shape. When the time is read, it shows 11:05, another reference 11–5, or November 5. In the battle with Creedy and his men at Victoria station, he uses five of his six daggers and forms a V with his daggers just before he throws them. As V throws two of his daggers at the men on either side of Creedy, the daggers form a V shape five times while spinning through the air. After V kills Creedys men, Creedy fires five shots at V. After the battle, when V is mortally wounded, he leaves a V signature in his own blood. The destruction of Parliament results in a display of fireworks which form the letter V, which is also an inverted Circle-A, a symbol commonly used by anarchists. Modern fears of totalitarianism We felt the novel was very prescient to how the political climate is at the moment. It really showed what can happen when society is ruled by government, rather than the government being run as a voice of the people. I dont think its such a big leap to say that things like that can happen when leaders stop listening to the people. —James McTeigue, Director With the intention of modernising the film, the filmmakers added topical references relevant to a modern 2006 audience. According to the Los Angeles Times, With a wealth of new, real-life parallels to draw from in the areas of government surveillance, torture, fear mongering and media manipulation, not to mention corporate corruption and religious hypocrisy, you cant really blame the filmmakers for having a field day referencing current events. There are also references to an avian flu pandemic, as well as pervasive use of biometric identification and signal-intelligence gathering and analysis by the regime. Many film critics, political commentators and other members of the media have also noted the films numerous references to events surrounding the then-current George W. Bush administration in the United States. These include the black bags worn by the prisoners in Larkhill that have been seen as a reference to the black bags worn by prisoners at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq and in U. S. -administered Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, though the pre-The Matrix draft of the screenplay also contains this reference to black bags. Also London is under a yellow-coded curfew alert, similar to the U. S. overnments color-coded Homeland Security Advisory System. One of the forbidden items in Gordons secret basement is a protest poster with a mixed U. S. –U. K. flag with a swastika and the title Coalition of the Willing, To Power which combines the Coalition of the Willing with Friedrich Nietzsches concept of Will to Power. As well, there is use of the term rendition in the film, in reference to the way the regime removes undesirables from society. There is even a brief scene (during the Valerie flashback) that contains real-life footage of an anti-Iraq War demonstration, with mention of U. S. President George W. Bush. Finally, the film contains references to Americas war and the war America started as well as real footage from the Iraq War. The film also makes a brief reference to wars in Kurdistan, Syria and Sudan. Despite the America-specific references, the filmmakers have always referred to the film as adding dialogue to a set of issues much broader than the U. S. administration. When James McTeigue was asked whether or not BTN was based on Fox News Channel, McTeigue replied, Yes. But not just Fox. Everyone is complicit in this kind of stuff. It could just as well been the Britains Sky News Channel, also a part of News Corp.

Final Exam Guide Essay Example for Free

Final Exam Guide Essay Question 1: How would you define successful leadership? What standard do you apply when evaluating leadership success? Is it possible to predict success based on organizational cultures or other factors? Provide examples to support your answer. Solution: Successful leadership is the ability to channel and coordinate the energy of the group to attain the desired goals of the business. It is the capacity to motivate and inspire followers to go beyond the distance of their perceived limitations, to rise to the challenges of the task at hand, and to seek out innovative and novel solutions. In a word, success leadership is empowering. As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, â€Å"A good leader inspires people to have confidence in the leader; a great leader inspires people to have confidence in themselves.† A successful leadership can be evaluated by the following standards: a) Example – A successful leader leads by example, which is the key to authentic leadership. This is demonstrated by working hard, making difficult decisions, taking risks, and personal sacrifices. b) Integrity – There are no shortcuts to success. A successful leader is honest, dependable and uncompromising on his or her work and business ethics. c) Solid goals – A successful leader has solid goals and direction, which are communicated to the team. The leader makes the team identify and take ownership of the business’s goals in order to motivate them to achieve these goals. d) Knowledge – A leader is equipped with knowledge and skills necessary for the enterprise. The leader leverages the team’s best chance of success by knowing and understanding the obstacles, competition and risks present in an endeavor. e) Autonomous – A successful leader provides for autonomy by empowering the members to think, innovate and own the solution to a problem. f) High Expectations – A successful leader expects a high level of excellence from the team. Expectations create results; people want to proud of their work. However, high expectation does not mean perfection. Rather, it is learning through experience and errors, and being accountable for one’s mistakes. g) Humility – A successful leader knows the value of  teamwork and gives credit where it is due. Leadership is not about personalities; it is about directing the group’s efforts toward the completion of an endeavor. h) Execution – A successful leader has the discipline to get things done. He or she can bridge the gap between theory and actual execution of a plan. Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy is an Indian businessman and co-founder of Infosys, which was founded in 1981. Mr. Murthy served as CEO of Infosys from 1982 to 2002, and as chairman from 2002 to 2011. He stepped down from the board in 2011, and became Chairman Emeritus. Mr. Murthy embodies the ideals of a successful leadership. He is a top leader, an institution builder, and an IT legend. He empowered his executives, management team and workers. He encouraged and nurtured leadership qualities in the organization through mentoring and training. He institutionalized ethical values of honesty and integrity throughout the organization. Question 2: What methods exist to develop leaders in an organization? What methods does your organization use? Why? Have any methods been counterproductive? In what ways? Solution: There are various approaches to leadership development in an organization that will be briefly describes as follows: 1) Formal Development Programs – In its basic format, a formal program consists of a classroom seminar covering basic theories and principles of leadership. It can be in the form of a tailored development program fitted to serve the needs of the specific organization. It can also be open-enrollment programs offered by private and academic institutions. 2) 3600 Feedback – This is also known as a multi-source feedback, and a multi-rater feedback. This method involves systematically collecting assessments of a person’s performance from different sources, which typically consists of supervisors, peers, subordinates, customers, and other stakeholders. 3) Executive Coaching – This method is defined as a practical, goal-oriented form of personal and one-on-one learning. Coaching is usually used to improve individual performance, enhance a career, o r work through organizational issues. 4) Job Assignments – This method works under the assumption that experience is the best teacher. This method trains would-be leaders in an organization by giving them a variety of job assignments that will expose them to different work environments; hence, it allows them to adapt, and become better  strategic thinkers. 5) Mentoring – Mentoring programs typically pair a senior and a junior manager, but pairing can also occur between peers. Mentoring involves advising and passing on lessons learned from the senior to the junior partner. 6) Networking – Some organizations include development activities designed to foster broader individual networks for better connection with partners in a global community. Leaders are expected to know not only the in and out of the organization, but also know who in terms of problem-solving resources. 7) Reflection – Introspection and reflection can foster self-understanding and understanding from lessons learned from exper ience. In leadership development, reflection can be used to uncover a person’s hidden goals, talents, and values, as well as their impact on a person’s work. 8) Action Learning – This is a project-based learning method characterized by a continuous process of learning and reflection, aided by colleagues, and with an emphasis on getting things done. This method connects individual development to the process of helping organizations respond to major business problems. 9) Outdoor Challenges – This is a team-building experience in an outdoor or wilderness setting, designed to overcome risk-taking fears, and to promote teamwork and leadership skills. Our organization uses formal programs to develop leaders. Recognizing that a classroom-based learning, while easy and flexible, is limited in the actual transfer of competencies, the formal program serves as a shell under which various development methods are incorporated. Hence, the formal program is structured by combining theoretical learning and problem-based learning. Then, a 360-degree feedback is given to each participant, which serves as a basis for an in-depth reflection. For most people, the 360-degree feedback is difficult to handle for several reasons. The primary reason is an inherent resistance to change. Another reason is the overwhelming amount of data, which can be complex, inconsistent, and difficult to interpret and translate into an action or behavior that can correct a given problem. Mere knowledge and acceptance of one’s developmental needs are not enough to bring about change. There is a need for follow-up guidance and support. That is why participants are also given short-term coaching to identify specific areas of concern and how to resolve these concerns. Question 3: In The Art and Science of Leadership, Nahavandi writes about the dark side of power. Provide an example. What organizational factors contributed to the leader’s behavior? What were consequences of the behavior? Solution: Nahavandi cites corruption as the dark side of power. An example of a scandal that shocked the corporate world was the case of the German engineering giant Siemens in 2006. A regulatory investigation revealed that hundreds of employees, spearheaded by Siemens’ top executives, had been siphoning millions of Euros into bogus deals to pay massive bribes to government officials and business contacts to win contracts in Russia and Nigeria. A trial judge described the scandal as a blatant disregard of business ethics and a systematic practice of organized irresponsibility that was implicitly condoned by management. The scandal resulted to the departure of Siemens top executives, including then CEO Klaus Kleinfield, who was later convicted of corruption, placed on probation for 2 years, and fined 160,000 Euro for his complicity. Hans-Werner Hartmann, who was the accounting head in the company’s telecommunications arm, was also placed on probation for 18 months and fined 40,000 Euro. The scandal cost Siemens around 2.5 billion Euro to pay for fines, reparations and damages. The firm was also barred from dealings with certain clients. The cost to Siemens’ employees, who had to endure intense public scrutiny and shame, is difficult to quantify. Organizational factors that contributed to a culture of bribery within Siemens were identified as follows: an aggressive growth strategy that compelled managers to resort to bribes in order to meet performance targets; a complex and matrix-like organizational structure that allowed divisions to operate independently, with no established checks and balances; poor accounting processes; a corporate culture openly tolerant of bribes. It should be noted that bribes were tax-deductible, and were the norms, not the exceptions, in German business practice at that time. Question 4: What obstacles exist for leaders involved in participatory management? What methods may a leader employ to overcome these obstacles? Solution: Participative management, also known as employee involvement and empowerment, encourages the participation of all the organization’s stakeholders in the analysis of problems, development of strategies, and implementation of solutions. While participative management seems like a utopian ideal, leaders face many obstacles in its effective implementation. One obstacle is encouraging the participation of employees in the managerial process of planning and making decisions. Employees may not fully participate due to lack of competencies, lack of confidence, and fear of rejection. Another reason is the employee’s lack of trust that his or her contributions will be valued. The presence of tension and rivalry among employees are also barriers to effective communication, and ability to work together. Leaders can address these issues by being sincere in their desire to implement participative management. Leaders should strengthen communication within the workplace, and initiate team-building activities to strengthen bonds between peers, and between employees and management. Training programs should also be initiated to develop employees’ competencies, leadership skills and self-confidence. Once employees are fully committed to engage in participative management, other obstacles arise, which includes the amplification of the complexity of the organization’s activities and the growing volume of information that managerial decisions are based on. These can lead to difficulty in getting things done, and slow response time to issues that need fast reactions and actions. Leaders cannot solve these obstacles alone; these require the concerted effort of the entire organization. However, leaders can take the lead in delegating responsibilities to reduce the hierarchic levels in the organization, and to decentralized authority so that the organization can respond to issues quickly and efficiently. Leaders can also establish quality circles, which are composed of around 8 to 10 employees along with the supervisor who share areas of responsibility among themselves. These circles can meet regularly to discuss problems in their respective areas and  brainstorm for solutions, which they can later present to the entire organization as a fully developed action plan. In this way, the complexity of participative management is simplified. Another obstacle to participative management concerns security issues. It is harder to ensure confidential information stays within the organization when more people are involved in managerial decisions. This confidential information can include patents, and product research and development. Leaders can address this obstacle by motivating employees to be accountable for their actions and to stay committed to the company by valuing their contributions. Question 5: What are some reasons employees and managers resist change? As a leader, what methods would you use to help employees and managers adapt to change? Solution: Adaptability to change is a prerequisite to become successful in the modern world characterized by increasing global awareness and fast turnover of technology. Organizations must respond to change and be willing to change to retain their competitive edge and relevance. However, implementing organizational changes are daunting for leaders, not least because most employees and managers resist change. The common reasons why employees resist change are the following: change promotes fear, insecurity and uncertainty, difference in perception and lack of understanding, reaction against the way change is presented, cynicism and lack of trust, and threats to vested interest. In order to overcome resistance to change, leaders can involve workers in the change process by openly communicating about the need for change, providing consultation to alleviate employees’ fears, and being sensitive to employees’ concerns. In order to implement change, leaders must decide on the method they will use to overcome resistance to change, and modify behavior. The three-step approach is an example of such a method; it is characterized by three basic stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. 1) Unfreezing: Most people prefer to maintain the status quo, which is  associated with stability, rather than confronting the need for change. The starting stage, therefore, of a change process must involve unfreezing old behaviors, processes, and structures. This stage develops an awareness of the need for change, and the forces that supports and resists change. Awareness is facilitated with one-on-one discussions, presentations to groups, memos, reports, company newsletter, seminars, and demonstrations. These activities are designed to educate employees about the deficiencies of the current set-up and the benefits of the replacement. 2) Changing: This stage focuses on learning new behaviors, and implementing the change. Change is facilitated when employees become uncomfortable with the identified deficiencies of the old system, and are presented with new behaviors, role models, and support structures. 3) Refreezing: This stage focuses on reinforcing new behaviors, usually done by positive results, public recognition, and rewards.

Origins And History Of Tribunals

Origins And History Of Tribunals Tribunals continue to play a very important role in today handling over a million cases each year, thus improving the overall efficiency of the justice system. They are responsible for dealing with most disputes between the citizen and the state about the formerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s right and entitlement. Tribunals have been defined by Curzon, Dictionary of Law, 1994, p387 as Bodies outside the hierarchy of the courts with administrative or judicial functions. This means that while a courts justice is dispense by an independent judiciary, tribunals are HISTORY. Length of time in existence. How/ why it came about. What was created because is dispensed Description of Tribunals panels judge etc. what governs it. Franks Committee Sir Andrew Leggatt Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion Notes. Administrative tribunals resolve disputes between, for example, the citizen and an officer of a government agency or between individuals in an area of law in which the government has legislated the conduct of their relations. Origins and history On 1 November 1955, the British Government appointed a committee under the chairmanship of Sir Oliver Franks to consider and make recommendations on administrative tribunals and inquiries. The report of that committee, published in July 1957, led in due course to the establishment of a permanent standing advisory body called the Council on Tribunals. How did this all come about? It goes back to the closing years of Winston Churchills last administration, when the Government was shaken by a serious scandal, reaching a climax in 1954. In fact, the story really begins in 1938, shortly before the outbreak of war in Western Europe. The Air Ministry was urgently seeking sites for the Royal Air Force to use as airfields and bombing ranges. It acquired a stretch of poor quality chalk downland in Dorset in the south west of England, known as Crichel Down. The Ministry had powers of compulsory purchase. But in the event it did not need to use them as the landowners were prepared to sell. During the war the land became a practice bombing range. In 1949, after the war was over, the land passed into the hands of the Ministry of Agriculture. A decision was made to put the land to agricultural use. Plans were drawn up to equip the land with a view to farming it as a single unit, in pursuance of the Governments policy of maximising food production. The land proved to be much more productive than had been thought before the war. One local landowner, whose wifes family had owned part of Crichel Down before its acquisition by the Air Ministry, wanted to buy it back. Although there was no strict requirement in law, there was an expectation that where land had been acquired under compulsory powers for a particular purpose, and that purpose had come to an end, the land would be offered back for sale to the original owners. But that did not happen in this case. The land was handed over to the Crown Estate, which negotiated its rental to a farmer of its own choosing. The disappointed landowner complained to his Member of Parliament. Rumours of bribery and corruption within the Ministry began to circulate. The Minister set up an independent inquiry by an eminent senior lawyer. Although the inquiry cleared officials of corruption, it was fiercely critical of the way the matter had been handled within the Ministry. The Minister felt impelled to resign, paying the political price for the misconduct of his officials or so it was seen at the time. The incident revived pre-war concerns about the extent of ministerial powers and the high-handedness of government officials. It was followed by the establishment of the aforementioned Franks Committee on administrative tribunals and inquiries. But curiously, although the Crichel Down case was widely regarded as a principal reason for the appointment of the committee, it in fact fell outside the committees terms of reference. Instead, the committee was asked to look at the working of tribunals and inquiries established under statute for the purposes of Ministers functions. It is worth noting that that nowadays cases like Crichel Down would almost certainly have been the subject of investigation by the Parliamentary Ombudsman, who has power to conduct investigations into allegations of maladministration by government departments leading to injustice to individuals. But back in 1954 there was no Parliamentary Ombudsman. That had to wait till the Parliamentary Commissioner Act of 1967. The Franks Report proved a turning point in the history of administrative justice in this country. It completely changed perceptions of tribunals. Where they had once tended to be regarded as an extension of the executive arm of government, Franks placed them firmly on the judicial side. The Franks principles of openness, fairness and impartiality became the watchwords for how tribunals ought to operate. Franks gave brief examples of their application: Take openness. If these procedures were wholly secret, the basis of confidence and acceptability would be lacking. Next take fairness. If the objector were not allowed to state his case, there would be nothing to stop oppression. Thirdly, there is impartiality. How can a citizen be satisfied unless he feels that those who decide his case come to their decisions with open minds? The Council on Tribunals was set up in 1959 to try to ensure that those principles are applied in practice. As of now, there are some 80 or so different tribunal systems under the Councils oversight. Origins and history On 1 November 1955, the British Government appointed a committee under the chairmanship of Sir Oliver Franks to consider and make recommendations on administrative tribunals and inquiries. The report of that committee, published in July 1957, led in due course to the establishment of a permanent standing advisory body called the Council on Tribunals. How did this all come about? It goes back to the closing years of Winston Churchills last administration, when the Government was shaken by a serious scandal, reaching a climax in 1954. In fact, the story really begins in 1938, shortly before the outbreak of war in Western Europe. The Air Ministry was urgently seeking sites for the Royal Air Force to use as airfields and bombing ranges. It acquired a stretch of poor quality chalk downland in Dorset in the south west of England, known as Crichel Down. The Ministry had powers of compulsory purchase. But in the event it did not need to use them as the landowners were prepared to sell. During the war the land became a practice bombing range. In 1949, after the war was over, the land passed into the hands of the Ministry of Agriculture. A decision was made to put the land to agricultural use. Plans were drawn up to equip the land with a view to farming it as a single unit, in pursuance of the Governments policy of maximising food production. The land proved to be much more productive than had been thought before the war. One local landowner, whose wifes family had owned part of Crichel Down before its acquisition by the Air Ministry, wanted to buy it back. Although there was no strict requirement in law, there was an expectation that where land had been acquired under compulsory powers for a particular purpose, and that purpose had come to an end, the land would be offered back for sale to the original owners. But that did not happen in this case. The land was handed over to the Crown Estate, which negotiated its rental to a farmer of its own choosing. The disappointed landowner complained to his Member of Parliament. Rumours of bribery and corruption within the Ministry began to circulate. The Minister set up an independent inquiry by an eminent senior lawyer. Although the inquiry cleared officials of corruption, it was fiercely critical of the way the matter had been handled within the Ministry. The Minister felt impelled to resign, paying the political price for the misconduct of his officials or so it was seen at the time. The incident revived pre-war concerns about the extent of ministerial powers and the high-handedness of government officials. It was followed by the establishment of the aforementioned Franks Committee on administrative tribunals and inquiries. But curiously, although the Crichel Down case was widely regarded as a principal reason for the appointment of the committee, it in fact fell outside the committees terms of reference. Instead, the committee was asked to look at the working of tribunals and inquiries established under statute for the purposes of Ministers functions. It is worth noting that that nowadays cases like Crichel Down would almost certainly have been the subject of investigation by the Parliamentary Ombudsman, who has power to conduct investigations into allegations of maladministration by government departments leading to injustice to individuals. But back in 1954 there was no Parliamentary Ombudsman. That had to wait till the Parliamentary Commissioner Act of 1967. The Franks Report proved a turning point in the history of administrative justice in this country. It completely changed perceptions of tribunals. Where they had once tended to be regarded as an extension of the executive arm of government, Franks placed them firmly on the judicial side. The Franks principles of openness, fairness and impartiality became the watchwords for how tribunals ought to operate. Franks gave brief examples of their application: Take openness. If these procedures were wholly secret, the basis of confidence and acceptability would be lacking. Next take fairness. If the objector were not allowed to state his case, there would be nothing to stop oppression. Thirdly, there is impartiality. How can a citizen be satisfied unless he feels that those who decide his case come to their decisions with open minds? The Council on Tribunals was set up in 1959 to try to ensure that those principles are applied in practice. As of now, there are some 80 or so different tribunal systems under the Councils oversight.

Honda CRX :: miscellaneous

Honda CRX The CRX has been a vehicle way ahead of its time and a best seller for Honda for over twenty years since it was first introduced in 1985. It was inevitable from the start that there would be a reintroduction of one of the most sophisticated models ever introduced by Honda. Honda for over ten years has been seriously considering the redevelopment into the new concept version of the CRX. This vehicle would have similar past qualities, such as being a two seated hatchback and containing a spacious and luxurious interior as well as incorporating the technology of the future. The early models of the CRX were split into two generations, the reintroduction being the third generation. The first generation manufactured in 1985 until 1987 featured new technology and styling never before seen on the automotive market. Introduced with three sub models the HF, DX, and SI, all contained different engines, transmissions, styling, and performance specifications as shown on the chart enclosed. This first generation CRX was an odd addition to the car market due to their compact size and all around exterior â€Å"boxy† look. The second generation introduced in 1988-1991 was also broken off into three sub models due to performance enhancements. The exterior was sti ll the basic box shape, but with a more sleek and appealing body style than of its first generation production. The new CRX concept vehicle, being the third generation, will contain major upgrades while still trying to keep the ingenious styling of past generations. The exterior will still contain the basic two door hatchback look, but will incorporate a more flowing and curved body style, leaving the boxy look of the past behind. The biggest upgrade of the CRX would have to be its engine. While more economical than in the past, it will also be a more desired engine for sport compact enthusiasts. Honda will be leaving behind the standard 1.5 liter contained in all past generations and will be offering two sub models, each containing a different engine. The entry level vehicle will contain a 1.0 liter DOHC (dual overhead cam) VTEC housed in a three cylinder base, producing anywhere from 85-100 horsepower. The upgraded version will contain a very awaited and anticipated 1.6 liter DOHC VTEC in a four cylinder base producing about 150-200 horsepower. These numbers to most seem very low, but are very surprising when considering the overall weight distribution of the vehicle is only 1762.

Website Review :: essays research papers

After visiting and examining the PBS Web site, I was able to conclude that it is an extremely successful entertainment and educational site. The Web site has won many substantial awards, including the prestigious "Webbie Award" in 1998 and 1999. According to a recent survey, fifty-six percent of users at the PBS Web site are male and sixty percent are between the ages of eighteen and forty-four. Forty-four percent of the Web site users have children and fifty-seven percent make online purchases. (Gallup/Plaw Release: Survey of 40,000 Internet Users. Fall 1998.) The design of the Web site is very bright and appealing to the eye. Its layout is inviting and easy to navigate. Its design is consistent through all pages. There are many graphics including, photographs, illustrations, and animated buttons and GIFs. These graphics are placed in an orderly fashion and do not create a cluttered appearance. The site has its own search engine which assists in navigating throughout the site. The PBS Web site relies on sponsors for funding. One of its significant sponsors is Visa. The majority of pages on the site have a Visa banner going across the top. The advertising is very minimal and no where near overwhelming as some sites tend to be. The site consists of eleven different main sections. Each section is unique and consists of articles, games, links, and reviews. The majority of links offered are internal links. All of the links are relevent and up to date. Of all the sections, the PBS Kids section appears to be the most comprehensive. It is the most visited section on the site with more than 560,000 visits per month. (Doubleclick.) This section really takes advantage of what multimedia has to offer. When you enter the site music begins to play, and animated graphics begin to move. The site contains games, an interactive coloring book, and ideas for arts and crafts projects. It also has links to all the children's shows that are on PBS including, Sesame Street, Barney, and Thomas the Tank. Its design is extremely colorful, playful, and intriguing. Another main section in the PBS Web site is called "TeacherSource." Its articles offer teachers advice on incorporating cable, video, and the Internet into their classrooms and lessons. The "Indie Scene" section concerns independent films and videos. It includes film reviews, a schedule of movies, and interviews with filmmakers. The site has two different news sections, " Online Newshour" and "News & Views.

How Does Iago Persuade Othello Essay -- essays research papers

In Act 3 Scene 3, how does Iago persuade Othello of Desdemona’s supposed infidelity? Act 3 Scene 3 is, arguably, the most important scene in the entire play, for it is the point of no return. It is as if for the entire beginning of the play you were pushing a huge boulder up a steep mountain, and in this scene you reach the top, and push it down the other side, helpless to stop it. This is how I see the action in Othello. Iago spends the whole time plotting, and conspiring with the audience, and in this scene you can actually pinpoint the line where he finally pushes Othello over the edge. Iago manages this in several ways, through imagery, ‘sewing the seed’ in Othello’s mind, and reverse psychology. However all of these ways boil down to one thing, Iago, throughout the play, plays on Othello’s own insecurities about race, and Desdemona. Iago’s language throughout the scene is very rich and amazingly descriptive so much so that it actually acts as a projector, projecting vivid, clear pictures into the audience’s, and more importantly, Othello’s mind. This is more evident in the later part of the scene, and there is one particular speech I wish to isolate. Iago’s speech, lines 407 to 423, is where the richest image is created in the scene. He is describing a night through which he lay with Cassio, and witnessed a so-called dream. In this dream, Cassio is meant to have said “S...

Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Catalase Activity in a Potato

Effect of Temperature ( C ? ) on Enzyme Catalase Activity in potato Aim: To investigate the Effect of temperature (10, 37, 60) Celsius (C ? ) on enzyme catalase activity in potato using 2% of hydrogen peroxide (H202) as the substrate measuring the height (cm) of oxygen gas (bubbles) and calculating the volume of oxygen bubbles produced (cm3) Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions without being affected. They lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction. Enzymes are affected by several factors including PH, Substrate concentration; Temperature & other factors.Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which its activity is the highest, below this optimum temp, the kinetic energy of molecules decrease , therefore the collisions between the active site of the enzyme and substrate decreases , as a result the enzyme activity will decrease , so decreasing the rate of the reaction If the temp. Exceeds the optimum temp. The kinetic energy be tween molecules increase therefore collisions increase leading to the change in the tertiary structure of the enzyme and in this case active site is lost and the enzymes will be denatured so the reaction will slow down &stops.Catalase is an enzyme, found basically in all living cells. It breaks down hydrogen peroxide (waste product) into water and oxygen. 2H? O? 2H2O+O2 As predicted, the enzyme catalase activity would be the highest at 37c ? (Optimum temp. )if increased to 60c ? then the enzyme would be denatured and if decreased to 10c ? (very low temp. ) then the reaction would be slow. Variables: Dependent: Height of oxygen bubbles (cm) using a ruler. Independent: Temperature (10c ? , 37c ? , 60c ? ) using three different water baths each adjusted to a specific temp . Controlled: 1.Number of potato cubes: 3 cubes of potatoes were used in each trial at each different temp. If changed, whether decrease or increase, then the number of enzymes (active site) available would change, th erefore affecting the rate of the reaction. 2. Size of potato cubes with dimensions 1cmx1cmx1. 5cm . This is controlled by cutting all potato cubes with same dimensions using a ruler & a cutter. If changed, then this would affect the rate of enzyme activity, therefore affecting the results. 3. Volume of hydrogen peroxide: 15cm3 of hydrogen peroxide was measured using graduated cylinder for each trial at different temp.If changed then the rate of enzyme activity would change, therefore results won’t be accurate. 4. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide: 2% of hydrogen peroxide was used through all trials this is prepared by adding 20cm3 of H2o2 to 1000cm3 of water. If changed it would affect the rate of enzyme activity since substrate concentration is one of the factors that affect enzyme activity. 5. Volume of liquid detergent: 2drops of liquid detergent were added to each test tube throughout the experiment. If changed, then this will affect the height of oxygen bubbles measure d cm3 therefore the results won’t be accurate. . Time: time was recorded for 2 minutes; if changed this will affect the results. Materials: * 27 cubes of potato each with dimensions 1cmx1cmx1. 5cm. * 15cm3 of 2% hydrogen peroxide for each trial. * 9 test tubes * Water adjusted to (60c ? ,37c ? &10c ? adding ice) * 2drops of liquid detergent in each test tube * Cutter * Ruler * 100cm3 graduated cylinder * Stopwatch * 1000cm3 volumetric flask * 50cm3 beaker Procedure: 1. Use the cutter, and ruler to cut 27 cubes of potato with dimensions 1cmx1cmx1. 5cm 2. Adjust the water bath temp one at 60c ? , the other one at 37c ? amp; last one at 10c ? adding ice. 3. Place 3 potato cubes in each of the three test tubes placed at 10c ?. 4. Leave the test tubes at 10c ? for 10min. 5. Add 2 drops of detergent for each test tube. 6. Measure 15cm3 of 2% hydrogen peroxide for each test tube using graduated cylinder. 7. Add 15cm3 of 2% H2o2 to each test tube, and immediately start the stop watch recording time for 2 min. 8. After 2 min exactly, use the ruler to measure the height of oxygen bubbles (cm). 9. Repeat steps 3 to 8 at a different temp (60c ? ,70c ? ). 10. Record all data in an organized table. Processing and Presenting Data: Table (1): Shows the height of oxygen bubbles produced (cm) at different temp. (C ? ) TemperatureC ?  ± 0. 05| Height of oxygen bubbles produced after 2 minutes (cm)| | Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| 10. 00| 2. 00| 6. 00| 2. 00| 37. 00| 3. 00| 4. 50| 1. 50| 60. 00| 3. 00| 2. 00| 2. 00| Table (2): Shows mean height in (cm) for oxygen bubbles  ± 0. 05 and volume of oxygen bubbles (cm3) ±0. 05 at different temp (C ? ) Temperature C ?  ± 0. 05| Mean height (cm) for oxygen bubbles  ± 0. 05| Volume of mean height of oxygen bubbles cm3 0. 05| 10. 0| 3. 33| 16. 34| 37. 00| 4. 86| 23. 84| 60. 00| 2. 06| 10. 11| * Sample calculations 10c ? 1. Mean height of oxygen bubbles in cm. T1+T2+T33= 2+6+23= 3. 33cm 2. Volume of oxygen bubbles cm3 Volume o f cylinder: ? r2xh 3. 14x (1. 25)2Ãâ€"3. 33=16. 34cm3 Discussion: As shown in table (2) as temperature increased from 10c ? to 37c ? , the mean height in cm of oxygen bubbles increased from 3. 33cm to 4. 86cm. Aa temperature increase from 37c ? to 60c ? the mean height cm of oxygen bubbles decreased from 4. 86cm to 2. 06cm. Reffering to the table (2) and graph , as temp. ncreased from 10c ? to 37c ? the volume of oxygen bubbles (cm3) increased from 16. 34cm3 to 23. 84cm3. As temp increased from 37c ? to 60c ? the volume of oxygen bubbles produced (cm3) decreased from 23. 84cm3 to 10. 11cm3. Each enzyme has an optimum temp. at which the rate of enzyme activity is the highest. Above the optimum temp the kinetic energy of molecules increases therefore the collisions between the active site and the substrate increase and as a result the enzyme would lose its 3D structure and active site and the enzyme would be denatured.This is shown in the graph, as the volume of oxygen bubbles cm3 de creased from 23. 84cm3 to 10. 11cm3 at 60c ?. Below the optimum temp the kinetic energy of molecules decreases ,therefore the collisions decrease and the enzyme would slow down and the rate of energy decreases as it’s shown in table (2) the volume of oxygen bubble decrease from 37c ? to 10c ?. According to our results in table (2) and graph, the optimum temp was 37c ? at which rate of enzyme catalase activity was the highest as the highest volume of oxygen bubbles was produced 23. 84cm3.The results obtained matched the hypothesis which stated that 37c ? is the optimum temp for enzyme catalase to break hydrogen peroxide which is a toxic product into water & oxygen. Evaluation & Improvements: 1. Size of potato cubes . Potato cubes were cut into cubes of dimensions 1cmx1cmx1. 5cm using a ruler and a blade which was a source of error since all cubes vary slightly in size which means the concentration of catalase enzyme is different. A potato cutter that cut the potato into equal sizes . 2. Height of oxygen bubbles measured by a ruler. This was inaccurate method.Volume could be measured instead in height using gas Syringe which will give more accurate results 3. Volume of detergent. 2 drops of detergent were measured using a dropper. A pipette can be used which will give more accurate results. Done BY: JIHAN AL-BUKHARI 9A ——————————————– [ 1 ]. [ (Jones, 2009) ] [ 2 ]. â€Å"Introduction to Enzymes. †Ã‚  Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity (). N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. . [ 3 ]. â€Å"Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity. †Ã‚  Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. .

Much Ado About Nothing

The Jokes which golf-club give tongue tos argon a computer addressificant index of that societys concerns and anxieties. (M. Mangan, A preface to Shakespe bes comedies, 1996) If this is the case what can we canvass from actu entirelyy overmuch gyp close to null most the concerns and anxieties of the society in which Shakespe atomic number 18 was living? Sir H Walpole once remarked that a comedy should restrain us think, Shakespeargon exploits this function of comedy by utilizing japerys on the composings of cheatry, infidelity and watch to suffer the earr to from all(prenominal)(prenominal) integrity one(prenominal) to think roughly the concerns and anxieties associated with these travestys at bottom Shakespe bes society and what can be learnt from these jokes told. The open figure of the Cuckold in gobs bunko bonnie to the highest degree nix, a husband of a woman who commits adultery, is a running joke passim the gather.In the bid, the refe rence tiptop benedick, who carries a misogynistic view of wo manpower, is the main instigator of these jokes, he says that hold outence a cuckold is what happens when you cling married and you would arrive to hang his bugle in an invisible baldrick and he vows never to deed wholly all over the plucking off of the bulls horns and setting them on his forehead, moment he does non want to get married. in sentence though benedick may be s slackly bestial, it is clear on that render is a concern of getting married in benedicts pictures. As Michael Mangan2 detects in Huddling jest upon jest, the jokes do in more hustle roughly nonentity about husbands and cuckolds indicate to the consultation the profound anxieties about gender roles and about wo workforces potential inner licence third estate in Shakespeargons society. The cuckold theme was the subject of m whatever b tot all toldyads and pamphlets in the Elizabethan Era.An Elizabethan auditory sensory facult y would stick been familiar with cuckold jokes and would eve believably realise the place in capital of the United Kingdom kn deliver as Cuckolds Haven. However, they would withal cite to the concerns of infidelity amongst women, especially the men and some would share these misogynistic views and fears of women. These fears were so strong as a prove of the manly find and pride which most men had and as well as the accosted persuasion of beingness the natural heirs.A unfermentedfangled- mean solar day audience would be able-bodied of par keep to the ideas of adultery, as often envisioned in Serial Dramas such as Eastenders or Coronation Street, nevertheless, they would probably non have the same fears as the Elizabethans as more people cohabit alternatively than bind and are more awake(predicate) to such problems as adultery and that husbands are involved adultery as more than as women. In most of Shakespeares comedies on that point is a shrew, an outspoken, i ndependent, strong, young-bearing(prenominal) stock eccentric, in The Taming of The Shrew this is Katerina and in Much hustle somewhat Nothing on that point is Beatrice.The strong womanish character or shrew is one of the comic conventions that property in all of Shakespeares comedies and moreover it, is non unusual that in that location are jokes aimed towards the stereotype. In the play, the men refer Beatrice as noblewoman Disdain and that she has a shrewd tongue being withal curst. It can be hold that as the men make light of Beatrices outspoken, shrewish behavior, underneath it, they are fright by her in notifyigence and strength.An Elizabethan Audience would recognise the stock character nevertheless also correlate themselves with the anxieties of strong women. The social hierarchy was of common knowledge where god came first, therefore the king or cr protested head who would be appointed by God, the man, the women and then beast. The Elizabethan men were ju st pass judgment Queen Elizabeth I, and would find it hard to final causet to women becoming strong and independent, notioning affright as a strong female character placed a nemesis to the social hierarchy.On the contrary, a novel audience would be accustomed to the idea of the strong woman as of the female rights campaigns throughout the Twentieth Century, women now concern a more central and public role in society. Nevertheless, sexism does still exist in all spheres of society even by and by womens rights In Much snow flurry About Nothing, Shakespeare applies sexual innuendos as jokes to comment subtly, on the freedom sexuality in his society and the limits. In the play the sexual innuendos were remarked by women, which would appear hostile to an Elizabethan audience.In cloak 1 movie 1 Beatrice remarks whether familyor Mountanto has returned from the wars meaning Signor benedict and the word Montanto meaning the thrust of male genitals and the mounting of a partner . Margaret also uses a sexual innuendo by commenting on the weight of a man making hoagies spunk heavier. It was common in Shakespeares comedies to use glare status characters to make such green as not to offend any of the senior high schooler status audience and magic spell to the lower status.Furthermore, Shakespeare has not only employ these sexual innuendos to entertain the more dirty members of the audience that also, to convey the concerns and anxieties on sexuality in the Elizabethan era, as even though, illicit sexual behaviour was not heard of in the courts and hurrying classes of society, it was extremely common among the lower classes and Shakespeare was hard to inconspicuously, portray his concern that the Upper classes disregard such behaviour and places such as brothels.An Elizabethan audience, would be able to relate, however, a sophisticated day audience would be used to sexual innuendos as jokes as modern day morals are less religious and restricted. Lov e as a disease is different(prenominal) joke used in Much Ado About Nothing, to highlight the concerns and anxieties in Shakespeares society over revel.In Act 3 Scene 2 , after(prenominal) benedick has apparently fallen in respect with Beatrice he claims to have the toothache and dupe Pedro and Claudio chew out him suggesting he draws it or hang it and in Act 3 scene 4 after Beatrice has suppositionally fallen in whapmaking with benedict she claims to be sick and Margaret and torpedo suggest cardus benedictus, a holy thistle and a clever pun on benedicks name. Shakespeare discreetly portrays how Benedick and Beatrices alliance with their purity provokes them to fear being reliant in another person and this explains Benedicks fear of marriage.Shakespeare is vividly commenting on the fears of love and its effects in Messina as a microcosm of Elizabethan England. An Elizabethan and a modern day audience could relate to this concern, as there are legion(predicate) pressu res and problems that come with falling in love such as suitability, personality, appearance and some an(prenominal) more. They could also make a partnership to the effects love has on a person where it makes them a victim, oblivious to all things around them, gives them a redness of their sense of reality and a blindness to their lovers faults.In Shakespeares society dash was very local and in Much Ado About Nothing he addresses this with jokes about fashion. In Act 2 scene 3 Benedick ponders to himself why Claudio is evoke in the fashion of a new doublet remarking that love has changed Claudio and yet, ironically, in Act 3 scene 2 Claudio and turn in Pedro teasingly comment that Benedick now has the appearance of fancy in him and that he rubs himself with civet a perfume. Furthermore, being interested in fashion was a sign of a loss of dignity and find and a person without substance, also the theme of fashion exposes the superficiality of the male recruit of honour.An E lizabethan audience would appreciate the tie-up between fashion and a loss of dignity, whereas, in a modern day audiences society, appearances are the threading that holds together all impressions of a person and wearing the latest sprint or fashion has become a great necessity for most people. Subsequently, they would not comprehend the concerns and anxieties over fashion. In the Elizabethan era, the Male Code of Honour was a foundation established and seen of great importance, however, in Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare exposes this formula of honour, by means of jokes, to depict how change it was.In the play Beatrice mocks this polity of honour by calling Benedick a stuffed man and a very valiant trencher man. She also remarks less amusingly, manhood is melted into curtsies and that men are turned into tongue and whittle ones. therefore through Beatrice, Shakespeare discloses the concerns and anxieties of the male code of honour and how it is superficial and lacks sub stance in the behaviour and speech which is al elbow rooms very fanciful and uses a lot of exaggeration Shakespeare shows this by having the men speak in verse in iambic pentameter to expose them as one-dimensional.Especially, in the scene after Claudio has seen gunslinger and is professing to be in love with her. An Elizabethan audience would be able to network with this theme as they would have held this code in high esteem, on the other hand, a modern day audience would not get a line with why the male code of honour would be so highly set and they would be concerned with matters such as money, status, fashion, love and others. In Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare discreetly uses the malapropisms of the Police constable Dogberry as a joke to unmask the concerns and fears over the law in Shakespeares society.In the play, Dogberry says such things as senseless sort of of sensible, tolerable instead of intolerable and many more. These malapropisms appeal to the audience sho wing the humour of Dogberrys behaviour and the sterile behaviour the constabulary and authorities in Elizabethan society, who were not taken staidly and often laughed at, which proved to be a major concern in that society. An Elizabethan audience would find the joke humorous scarcely also be assured of the serious undertone, that there is an anxiety over the incompetence of the police force not keeping society safe and secure.A modern day audience would not shoulder the same fears, as the police authorities are respected and feared by law abiding citizens. Out of all the several occurrenceions of humour, incongruity of practical jokes are used the most in Much Ado About Nothing as forms of pretense. This conveys the anxieties and concerns that Shakespeare was nerve-racking to demonstrate. All of the antic is plotted by men which parallels underpin to Balthasars vocal men were misguiders ever and conjuring trick comes naturally to men.In Kenneth Branaghs variation of Mu ch Ado About Nothing Balthasars shout is implemented with all the men ears tempestuous to the song and paying particular fear to it, this places the importance on to how relevant the song is to the men of the play. In the famous gulling scenes break Pedro, Claudio, Leonato, sensation and Ursula try to lick Benedick and Beatrice into a mountain of affection with them fashioning it. As well, move into joke and Claudio try to cross the marriage of Claudio and molar and they misuse the prince, to vex Claudio.As the falsehood of these practical jokes may appear comical, they accent the concerns, in Shakespeares society, of deception, as Shakespeare uses it in all of his comedies Twelfth Night, The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Nights Dream, As you like it and Much Ado About Nothing this illustrates that deception was not only an entertain comic convention nevertheless a serious and sever anxiety at heart his society because in that period of period there were many who tr ied to deceive others, however, the deception was well hidden.A modern day and an Elizabethan audience would be able to connect to this as deception was and still is a very common occurrence witnessed by many in societies. In the title of 3Peter Holindales essay on the subject of comedy remarks that there are serious voices in a Comedic population, this is viewed in Messina and paralleled to Elizabethan England.The jokes crafted and exploited by Shakespeare in Much Ado About Nothing elaborated and reiterate the anxieties that not only the Elizabethan era faced but all(prenominal) generational society faces and adds to as each day passes and furthermore, make each new generation of audience laugh at these anxieties.Much Ado About NothingIn the arrest torpedo & Claudio love is the main plot. the whle stratum line is establish on star and Claudio. When one reads the book it may bring up many skepticisms do they or dont they love each other? There are many situations when in the book when you say there is no way they love each other. For example when Claudio returns from war, and he first fixed eyes on submarine he insisted that he was that he was in love with her because he was with Benedick and he says brush off the world buy such a jewel? he then goes on and says I would scarce trust myself, though i had sworn the contrary, if Hero would be my wife. I think it was abit too debauched for Claudio to say or to conclude his already in love with someone he has just seen. To make things worse Claudio renders his very grievous adorer take on Pedro to mash the woman that he insists he loves, Don Pedro states Claudio I know we shall have a revelling tonight I go out light upon thy part in some disguise, and tell fair Hero I am Claudio, i think if Claudio loved Hero as much as he says then he wouldnt let another man go woo her he would r he should confidently tell her how he feels.Even after Don Pedro woos Hero, there is never a point when Hero an d Claudio talk or acquit their feelings for each other . resembling Benedick and Beatrice whos love story is the sub-plot of the story. Beatrice and Benedick stir up alot but ina way its inderstandable but after they were ttricked they rattling admit their love to each other Benedick tells Beatrice I do love zip in the world so well as you Benedick even allows to kill his own friend just to prove his love for Beatrice he says, enough, I am engaged, i will challege him, Claudio shall render me a dear account. That to me is neat love. I dont see or feel any of this passion with Claudio and Hero. some other point is when Claudio sees Margret in the window with Borachio and thinks its Hero. His reply at first is justified, but in my opinion he should have taken sentence to calm down and go confrim the story for himself. It was stupid to trust Don privy again because when Don Pedro was wooing Hero, Don John went to Claudio and told him he heard Don Pedro went to Claudio and told him he heard Don Pedro depose his affection to her.Borachio then adds fuel to the inflame by saying so so did i too, and he swore he would marry her tonight. After he hears this now gives up on her because he says farewell therefore, Hero. And at the wedding his reaction was too exaggerate if he really loved her, he would not have publicy mistreated and embarassed Hero the way he did, and all these actions just proves how much Claudio does not trust Hero. Another strange event is when Heros name is clear-cut and Claudio realises that it was his fault that shes dead.At first his reaction is exactly what you would except what you would except but after he told Leonato to take revenge, Leonato told him he would marry Antonios daughter and he immediately agrees to marry her. Hero the woman he claims to love just died and it was his fault, and his already concur to marry another woman. If he sincerely loved her he would have told Leonato with all due respect i quest time t o mourn but he didnt he just agreed to it. but at the same time possibly Claudio wanted to punish himself, because Leonato would remained him of what he did to reinvigorated Hero.With all these poits we cant ignore that there were also some signs that indicated that they were in love. Like in the end when Hero is revealed we could tell also Heros reaction when she started crying it showed that they definetly had feelings for each other. If i was in Heros position i would definetly not take Claudio back because he humiliated me infront of my family and friends at my wdding and two he has caused my finish . So there is a possibility that they loved each other. This could be an I can peppy with you and cant live without you relationship.Much Ado About NothingTo what extent is Much Ado about Nothing a dramatic means of the comedy of deception? The title of Much Ado about Nothing indicates that there is a lot of fuss over topics which have slight importance in the play-for example if Claudio wasnt rash and hot headed then Don johns ill deceived plan would not of worked at all. The use of deception throughout makes the plot so complex.An transparent example is when Don John who operates as a plot-device falsely slanders Hero for his own mischievous behaviour, the lady is disloyal (Act 3 Scene 2, 87-88), (he is not one of Shakespeares most complex villain which reminds the audience that Much Ado about Nothing isnt supposed to be a tragedy), countered by friars deception who pretends Hero is dead to get back at Claudio for publicly humiliating Hero. Alternatively, the Friars plan to pretend that Hero is dead is yet another magic trick created to prevent the truth being told.He knows of the strange misprision in the princes yet recommends further plotting. Hero becomes a passive character throughout the play as she does little in the play but becomes an interesting character through the other characters deceptions. Hero is supposed to be the main female charac ter in the play though she has the fewest(prenominal) lines, she only reacts to the actions and commands from the other characters, she hardly acts herself.Even when Claudio publicly humiliates Hero at their wedding she doesnt defend herself at all meaning the audience wont question Claudios accusations and believe him. Even when the accusations against her are cleared and after shes witnessed Claudios reckless behaviour, she accepts him back into her life without request for an apology. This exposes Heros vulnerability to chance and the minimum distinguishing characteristics she has. Though deception is cognize to be bad it is used to bring out commanding results in the play of which are actually artificial and considerably undone.An example of a positive result is in Beatrices and Benedicks gulling scenes. The deception in these scenes is used in a comic style manipulating Beatrice and Benedick into falling in love with one another. The use of deception in these scenes is ind ispensable as its the only way to convince the other characters to allow in their lives. In Much Ado about Nothing, all of the characters wait to be willing to be deceived for example Claudio doesnt think to suspect that Don John may be lotting against him Benedick and Beatrice seem to change their views on love in both of their gulling scenes Claudio is willing to marry Hero whom he doesnt appear to know that well to appease Leonato. Deception is so closely linked into the play that it becomes too familiar to the characters of Much Ado about Nothing. Shakespeare shows that deception does not have to be evil in Much Ado about Nothing he reveals that it can be used for positive and negative results.However, in the play it is exhausting for the audience to differentiate between good and bad deception During the masked dinner dress, Claudio declares his liking to woo Hero but hes too nervous, Don Pedro woos Hero claiming its for Claudios benefit, Don John uses this opportunity to convince Claudio that hes being deceived, similar to how the audience temporarily believe. The star sign creates illusions for the audience and also for the characters, which become caught up in these illusions of which they help create for each other.The illusion of Heros honour is debated in public by Claudio-she is the sign and semblance of her honour- for Claudios appearances are not only deceiving but numerate to honour itself. Furthermore, in the masked ball Benedick and Beatrice flirt with one another, pretense not to know who is hiding behind the mask but in fact are aware of each others presence. Another example of natural covering is when after Heros death Claudio is made to marry Leonatos niece (who is actually Hero wearing a mask), Claudio must(prenominal) wed blindly. Hero assumes the mask of passive victim, the masking of Hero exposes how marriage has little to do with love.Claudios willingness to marry an noncitizen person relates to his guilt of slandering the innocent, and the fact he was deceived by male passions not by women, he cares more about appease Leonato then marrying for love. Shakespeare uses deceit for neither a positive or negative effect, it is a means to an end. In the period of time of which the play is set, nothing was a homophone of noting. There are various examples throughout the play of noting type statements, for instance Claudio notes the scandal with his own eyes.The characters see what they want to see and take note. In the play there is much ado about nothing lots of things happen and by the end nothing has changed really. Though Benedick and Beatrice declare their love for each other and they get married, mayhap they already loved each other, but just know it now. Deception is not the result for the mishaps in Much Ado about Nothing, the main plots in the play occur by the characters force to suggestion. The characters see what they want to see, theyre no more mislead then which they allow themselves to be.